National Stereotypes, essays

National Stereotypes, papers We know most remote societies, and quite our very own bit culture, by notoriety as it were. As a matter of fact, we have a picture of the English, Scottish and Irish, Belgian, French or Spanish national character. Despite the fact that we by and by may know a bunch of individuals from those nations, we can't assess how run of the mill these people are as agents of their country. Be that as it may, numerous individuals have no issues in perceiving certain fickle characteristics as being run of the mill for specific countries: the Scottish notoriety for miserliness, the Belgian notoriety for idiocy, the Spanish notoriety for pride are notable for us from jokes and stories which depend on an information on those traits. Accordingly we believe all the Scottish to be miserly, the Belgian to be stupid and so forth. I judge the greater part of the national generalizations to be prepared. When seen the truth isn't reality itself, yet is a blend of certainty and fiction, if not absolute fiction. Then again we can't state that the English, Scottish and Irish, Belgian, French and Spanish are the equivalent. There are a few contrasts among countries and we could make some speculation, however I figure we ought to be progressively exact and consider numerous realities. Most current speculation on national personalities depends not on a direct perception of the real world, however quite often on a current notoriety. I imply that someone has referenced about a pleased Spaniard heshe met, different has said that a great deal of them are glad, the accompanying presumes that pride is speculation of Spanish country. This thought moves between different through ages, however as a general rule it is simply figment and such portrayal shows only somebodys wants to see the country from his/her own perspective. Generalizations can be sure or negative, contingent upon the political conditions. Nations, which present a danger in political and monetary contention, are normally portrayed in negative terms. Be that as it may, nations, which do ... <!

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Grading B.J. Novaks ONE MORE THING, Story by Story

Grading B.J. Novaks ONE MORE THING, Story by Story [buyandread isbn=0385351836 linkshare=http://store.kobobooks.com/en-US/ebook/one-more-thing] Every once in a while I grade a collection of essays or stories on Book Riot, essay by essay or story by story. Past graded collections include Ann Patchetts This is the Story of a Happy Marriage and Karen Russells Vampires in the Lemon Grove. I usually grade every single piece in the collection in question, but thats just not going to be possible with B.J. Novaks One More Thing: Stories and Other Stories because there are 64 STORIES IN THE COLLECTION. No, I promise its not the size of a dictionary, some of the stories are a sentence, some are a paragraph. And I just cant grade them all, because it would drive me crazy, but more importantly, it would drive YOU crazy. In fact, one of the main criticisms the collection has received (and mind you, its received mostly praise on praise on praise) is that it seems like Novak threw in basically every clever thing he ever jotted down on a Post-it in between takes on The Office set. Indeed, even some of his longer pieces sometimes feel like e xtended jokes or sketch-turned-prose. I note in reviews below whether I think a piece is a good sketch idea or an actual good short story idea, I listened to the audiobook, and if you read this book (and I absolutely recommend you do), you should really think about listening on audiobook, there are SO many guest stars. B.J. Novak read most of the stories, and Rainn Wilson and Mindy Kaling do most of the pinch hitting, but theres a CAVALCADE of stars in this audiobook, with Emma Thompson, Julianne Moore, Carey Mulligan,  Jenna Fischer, Jason Schwartzman, Lena Dunham, and Katy Perry stepping in to do guest spots. Its a little look-how-many-famous-friends-I-have-y, but its also really fun to hear these celebrities when they pop in, so well let the audiobook-version-of-humblebragging slide. Onto the grades! THE REMATCH Tortoise and the Hare have a rematch race. Was almost a sketch, but then crystallized at end and became story, and a very insightful story at that. A. NO ONE GOES TO HEAVEN TO SEE DAN FOGELBERG Going to see famous musicians in concert in heaven. This one began to touch on some interesting stuff about mortality and what happens to familial relationships in the great beyond, but ultimately didnt get all the way there. B+ JULIE AND THE WARLORD Jenna Fischer plays a girl who goes on a date with a warlord. This would have been an awesome Key and Peele sketch, it was a good enough short story. B. I NEVER WANT TO WALK ON THE MOON A rant that becomes poetry. I dug. A- SOPHIA B.J. Novak plays a man who believes in true love and Lena Dunham plays the sex robot who falls in love with him. I loved Her, you guys, I loved it, but I loved this take on future-robot-romance just a little bit more. This one just unravelled me. Its pretty much a perfect short story. B.J. Novak self-deprecatingly describes his shorts stories by saying Imagine if George Saunders wasnt a genius, but I dont know, this story (and a few others in the collection) feel pretty darn genius to me. A+ THE COMEDY CENTRAL ROAST OF NELSON MANDELA Celebrities feature PROMINENTLY in this collection, and not just as guest narrators. Tony Robbins gets a story (narrated by Julianne Moore!), as does Chris Hansen, John Grisham, Elvis, Johnny Depp, Kate Moss (Carey Mulligan narrates that ish) and as much as I want to give Novak a slap on the wrist for TOO MANY CELEBRITY NARRATORS AND TOO MANY CELEBRITY CHARACTERS, they were mostly enjoyable and this was my favorite of the celebrity stories (though Johnny Depp came pretty close). B+ THE MAN WHO INVENTED THE CALENDAR The diary of the man who invented the calendar in its first year of use. Boy meets girl, loses girl, meets another girl, theres a human sacrifice, and all the while the inventor is trying to perfect the calendar while working on his new invention, the clock. A comedic and melancholy (comedicholy?) look at the passage of time, one of my favorites in the collection. A+ WIKIPEDIA BROWN AND THE CASE OF THE MISSING BICYCLE One of the rare stories in the collection where the title is MUCH better than the actual story, this was a sketch, and a one-note sketch at that. Its not a bad story (its an even less bad sketch) Wikipedia Brown just doesnt measure up to the sex robots and calendar inventors that populate the rest of the collection. B- THE BEST THING IN THE WORLD AWARDS Love always handily wins these televised awards (hosted by Neil Patrick Harris, the twenty-gajillion-billionth celebrity to be a character in this collection) until the year that Nothing is a contender. This one had weird Harrison Bergeron undertones, I was into it. A- J.C. AUDETAT, TRANSLATOR OF DON QUIXOTE Another one of my favorites in the collection, a poet who becomes a super-famous translator, his translations of Cervantes and Proust populating the bookshelves of Urban Outfitters. Novak writes fake reviews of these translations by famous book reviewers and its super insider baseball and awesome. But this is just a really thoughtful and awesome story about art and commerce and how much and how little they Venn Diagram and how confusing this is to artists. And a KILLER last sentence. Anyone else read this collection? How do your grades compare and contrast? _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every week. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Benefits of Project Management - 1618 Words

BENEFITS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION What is project management? It can be defined as range of management skills and technique that involved to successfully carry out a project. Project manager are responsible to facilitate the entire process of project management to meet specific scope, cost, time and quality goals of projects. Besides that, there are some people involves in framework of project management including project stakeholders, project management knowledge areas, project management tools and techniques and the contribution of successful project to enterprise. Project stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by the project activities an includes the project sponsor, project team, support staff,†¦show more content†¦No time consuming acquired which can lead to waste of money because there are time estimated for each phases to be done. The process involved defining activities, developing the schedule and controlling the schedule. Besides that, it also can improved and enhance the customer satisfaction which whenever the project done on time and under budget, it makes the clients satisfied, Therefore, it show the importance of project scope management and project cost management roles in integrating the system or products for the customers. Smart project management provides the tools that enable the customers’ relationship to continue. Therefore, it is important to support your staff after finish the project successfully. Provide them training to use the system or services wisely. However, limit the time of support to customers to avoid the trap never being able to finish a project. Therefore, agree up front with your customers how long you will provide support for. This period of time should be built into Project Plan. Moreover, project management can improve growth and development within your team. That is because, during the implementation of project, the managers and their teams are cooperating together in order to establish the project that be given. Human resource management involved to ensure that all the teammates are knows their roles and responsibilities. Therefore, identifying the human resource plan are important toShow MoreRelatedBenefits And Challenges Of A Project Management Methodologies And Certification Essay1761 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay explores evidence for the benefits and challenges that an increased interest in project management methodologies and certification present to the theory and practice of change throughout, making use of academic literature. As well as providing evidence for the stated increased interest, it defines the terms pertinent to the discussion: Project management (PM), PM methodologies, bodies of knowledge and certification. It also defines Change m anagement (CM), theory and practice. It turns toRead MoreProject Management : The Accumulated Benefits For My Future Career Essay2011 Words   |  9 Pagesprogram of Mater Science in Project management, the accumulated benefits for my future career, and some valuable advices regarding the personal experience for students who are preparing for enrolling in this program. Career advancement â€Å"Project management is a growing filed used increasingly by businesses of all sizes† (Harbour). In other words, project management occupies a significant position during the development of the company. Without well designed and planned management, any entrepreneurs andRead MoreProgramme Management : Program Management1121 Words   |  5 PagesProgramme Management Approach There is confusion in literature regarding the definition of programme management. Tjahjana, Dwyer and Habib (2009) describe programme management as the alignment of ongoing projects within an organization. Pennypacker and Ritchie (2005), on the other hand, define it as the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to programme activities to meet the programme requirements. Morris and Jamieson (2004) argue that most companies consider that programme management impliesRead MoreProject Portfolio Management1298 Words   |  6 PagesProject portfolio management:- A competitive advantage for organizations now is doing the right projects and making sure that there are resources to complete those projects. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is a set of business practices and a process that allows organizations to manage projects as a strategic portfolio, ensuring the alignment of programs and projects with organizational objectives. Executives need to regularly review entire portfolios and programs, determine why projects areRead MoreThe Importance and Implementation of Project Management1552 Words   |  6 Pagesprioritization helps one set their goals in order. This means that one does not become workaholic and is able to dedicate appropriate time to family and work. The same kind of order and organization is necessary for a firm to fulfill its main goals. Project Management dates back to the 1960s where it was first adopted by the US government when it divided its many functions into separate programs, like the space and military programs. This began because managers and organizations learned that division of workRead MoreProject Management in Bangladesh - Term Paper1639 Words   |  7 PagesProject Management - Overview Common misconceptions about Project Management Here are some questions we hear frequently that demonstrate a misunderstanding of project management: What does the project manager do? Why doesnt the project manager do some of the work? Why dont we make our top specialist the project manager? Why does the project manager need a support team? Isnt this all an unnecessary overhead for the project? Project management is a specialist discipline. In a wellRead MoreHardware Replacement Project1364 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment Week 8: Hardware Replacement Project Melanie Sexton IT/205 May 8, 2011 Charbel Elkhoury, Ph.D. Assignment Week 8: Hardware Replacement Project Prior to the IT department’s implementation of a new Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solution to its corporate offices, assessment of company’s hardware currently in use and its ability to support the new CRM application revealed the information technology infrastructure contained out-of-date hardware in need of replacementRead MoreOrganization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology1319 Words   |  6 PagesApplication: Organization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology The successful implementation and subsequent meaningful use of information technology solutions within a health care organization is a challenging and iterative process. The organization must engage in careful and ongoing strategic and tactical planning to ensure that the implemented technology will ultimately be effective and beneficial for its practitioners, staff, and patients. To prepare for this ApplicationRead MoreHardware Replacement Project1378 Words   |  6 PagesHardware Replacement Project NAME Axia College of UoP Hardware Replacement Project As the IT department begins to plan for and implement a new customer relationship management (CRM) solution in the corporate office, there are several variables that must first be thoroughly examined. The IT department must address the needs of the office, as well as the legacy hardware and software currently in use. It is apparent that current IT infrastructure will not support the introduction of a new CRM applicationRead MoreProject Management Approach / Methodology Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesProject Management Methodologies MedDev is looking to streamline their resource planning across various departments in order to support their global growth and cut costs. In order to achieve this business objective, they are undertaking ERP Implementation as a Key project which involves largest investment MedDev has ever done as a single project. Thus success of this project is of prime importance to them. In order to achieve their business objective, project management and the used methodology

History of Prison Reform in the US Essay - 2067 Words

When people think of reform movements, they often look for one key sign, and ask one key question of whether that the reform was a success. Did the reform create a lasting change in the way people view the institution that was reformed? All the great reformation movements, from Horace Mann and his education reforms, to Martin Luther, and the Protestant Reformation, to the civil rights movement, all created lasting change in the minds of the average person. One other reform, often overlooked historically is the Prison Reform movement. As the world shifted from 18th to 19th century ways of life, many key aspects of life underwent tremendous change. As the United States gained their independence from Britain and began to shape their own†¦show more content†¦While the reforms of the 1820s through the 1850s were well intended, what began as a moral reform transformed into one of secular interest. Capital punishment played a pivotal role in the punishment of criminals in the ear ly colonial period, with William Penn of Pennsylvania being the first responsible leader to utilize imprisonment as a corrective treatment for major offenders. In 1682 his â€Å"Great Law† provided the confinement of both major and minor violators of the law to be placed in houses of correction.3 There they would partake in work for moderate compensation, for a period of time proportional to their respective crimes. Soon an amendment was ratified making murder a capital offense, and remained the only capital offense until 1700 when treason could also be punished by death. Up until the death of William Penn in 1718, Pennsylvania largely relied on fines and imprisonment, shifting to a different system of criminal punishment only after the passing of Penn. Soon after conservative groups gained control, and Pennsylvania reimposed the English criminal code, which increased the number of crimes punishable by death to twelve, and allowed punishments such as whipping to be doled out. This system lasted until the post colonial age, when in 1786 the state eliminated the death penalty for robbery and burglary and subsequently only retained capital punishment for first degree murder in 1794.4 Sparking the changes was theShow MoreRelatedAttica Prison Riot and Prison Reform1362 Words   |  6 PagesWe live in a society today filled with crime and fear. We are told not to go out after a certain hour, always move in groups, and even at times advised to carry a weapon on ourselves. There is only one thing that gives us piece of mind in this new and frightening world we live in: the American penal system. We are taught when growing up to believe that all of the bad people in the world are locked up, far out of sight and that we are out of reach of their dangerous grasp. Furthermore, the murderersRead MoreChangjiang Liu Essay 21476 Words   |  6 Pagesleft a deep impression of segregation on Assata. When discussing the origin of Assata’s radicalness, we can conc lude that her childhood memory was one important reason. Shakur saw government as enemy. In her speech Women in Prison: How We Are that is documented in Let Nobody Turn Us Around, she drastically denounced the government that was mainly made up by white people: â€Å"Politicians are considered liars and crooks. The police are hated†(Marable Mullings 509). In other words, she suggested that governmentRead MoreCritical Review On Angela Davis873 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen focusing on fighting against the prison system. She is the founder of Critical Resistance, a national organization about prison industrial complex. Her book Are prisons obsolete? explores prison abolition. Are prisons obsolete? is published by Seven Stories Press in 2003. In Are prisons obsolete? Davis explores and critiques the current prison system. She researches and explains slavery, gender structure, the prison industrial complex . She argues that prison are undemocratic because they areRead MoreAre Prisons Obsolete? By Angela Davis1513 Words   |  7 Pageso f Are Prisons Obsolete?. Davis lays out the facts about incarceration and how it has effected our society; not to mention how it has played a major role in our history. Davis outlines the significant importance that incarceration has towards minorities in America. She goes on to identifies race, gender, and class as being a part of the problem of incarceration. Davis takes the stance of not having prisons in our society, period. She does believe that we can have some sort of a reform; howeverRead MoreChanges Of The Corrections System911 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Due to all the failures throughout history in corrections, there are several changes that have been made since the initial developments of reform. Humans need to be punished in order to understand wrongdoing, therefore the corrections system will need to change not only to modern society, but also to the populations to avoid overcrowding. Americans should transition to more probations and community corrections programs, but eligibility for the new lenient methods of correction shouldRead MoreHistory Of The Prison System1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of the prison system in the US is very extensive and encompasses nine different eras which include the Penitentiary era, Mass Prison, Reformatory, Industrial, Punitive, Treatment, Community-based, Warehousing, and the Just-desert era. Each era had its own strength and weaknesses that influenced each subsequent era that came after. the idea of a prison system came about from the colonist desire for a more humane method of dealing with criminal offenders. It was a key move away from corporalRead MoreThe Prison Industrial Complex Has Created A System Of Force Free Labor931 Words   |  4 PagesThe Prison Industrial Complex has created a system of force free labor that strips prisoners of their political, economic, and social rights, ultimately relegating them to second-class citizenship, inside and outside of the prison walls. Denying former enslaved people citizenship was essential to the formation of the original union and hundreds of years later, America remains a nonegalitarian society. Not only are those incarcerated barred from suffrage, as throughout much of US history for AfricanRead MoreThe Prison System1048 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Exam Essay Question #2 Question: Discuss the history of the prison system in the United States. Be sure to identify the various stages that the American prison system has gone through. Also identify what problems were present with each stage as you see them. Response: American prison system incarceration was not officially used as the main form of punishment in United States (U.S.) until around the 1800’s. Before that time criminals were mainly punished by public shaming, which involved punishmentsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreOver Population in the Prison System Costs Billions, and That Affect Us All!1299 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation in the prison system costs billions, and that affect us all! Tjy Helms Composition 1 ENG1001 BH Week 5 Professor Henry 05/6/2011 I say why should we the people pay to house, feed, and provide medical care for people who have never had a history of violent behavior? The issue becomes compounded when we cram thousands of people into a space designed for hundreds. Look at the number of people who are doing hard time, for non-violent crimes. These are the people who are costing us unneeded expenses

The incidences of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence Free Essays

The incidences of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence seem to be higher than anticipated.   In alcohol dependence the problems seem to be more severe than alcohol abuse.   Family history does seem to play an important role in the initiation and progression of alcohol use, along with external factors. We will write a custom essay sample on The incidences of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In Western Countries, the incidences of alcohol consumption are higher due to the cultural implications. In these cultures, alcohol use in fact begins during the teenage period. The incidences of alcohol related problems have reduced over the past few decades in the US, due to increased awareness levels.   The incidences of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependences are higher in males than females, although females develop it more easily than males.   Alcohol consumption was higher in the Europeans than the American and other communities. During the management of alcohol-related disorders, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence has to be differentiated properly using the DSM-IV-TR criteria.   Treatment should be initiated after determining the needs of the individual.   It would be logical to provide counseling sessions and motivating the patient to become alcohol-free.   Counseling and short-term administration of medications, play a very important role during treatment. Hospitalization may be required for a few days to help the individual refrain from the habit.   The individual may develop certain symptoms while abstaining from alcohol initially which slowly reduce with time.   The risk of relapses following treatment is very high.   Hence, it would be advisable to keep a constant check on the individual. 20 % of the individuals admitted in mental hospitals have suffered either alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence.   It affects individuals from all socio-economic backgrounds. The prevalence of alcohol dependence in the US Colleges was 6%, and alcohol abuse was 20%.   At least 15000 students die a year due to alcohol disorders.   Alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse puts the individual at a very high risk to develop depressive disorders, panic disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, mania, schizophrenia, etc (Schuckit, M. A., 2005). Alcohol dependence is a condition in which the repeated presence of three out of 7 impairments, alcohol can have over life and normal functioning, during a 12-month period.   The impairments of defects in functioning include tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, interference with normal functioning at school, workplace, home or in social setting, physical and psychological symptoms, etc (According to the DSM-IV-TR). There is a difference in withdrawal developing separately and that developing in association with dependence.   Withdrawal symptoms that develop separately can follow a severe course.   When withdrawal is present in relation to depression, a milder course is followed.   Individuals without alcohol dependence may not be considered as alcohol abusers (Schuckit, M. A., 2005). In alcohol abuse, the individual may not be dependent on alcohol but develops a constant problem related to alcohol use during a 12-month period (such as legal, social, work-based and family problems, and using alcohol in dangerous environments).   At least one or two of the 4 areas are present in abuse (Schuckit, M. A., 2005). The DSM-IV-TR code for alcohol abuse is 305.00, and that of alcohol dependence is 303.90. The background characteristics of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence remain the same that is a family history of alcohol misuse or dependence.   It may be as high as 80 %.   The ICD has offered an alternate classification of alcohol dependence.   It suggests 3 out of 6 areas, in difference to the DSM-IV-TR classification of 3 out of 7 areas (Schuckit, M. A., 2005). The prevalence of drinking is relatively high in America, and about 90% of the population drink.   They usually start during early or mid-teens.   About 80% of the people drink when they complete high school.   About 60% go to the extent of intoxicating themselves with alcohol.   On an average, two out of three men drink in the US (Schuckit, M. A., 2005). Individuals who are educated and have a higher socio-economic background drink more frequently.   Amongst religious groups, Jewish minorities consume the most, but do not develop alcohol dependence often. Conservative groups drink less compared to liberal groups.   American-Indians drink more quantities of alcohol compared to other groups.   Adults on an average consume about 2.2 gallons of absolute alcohol per annum.   At the time of American Revolution, this figure was as high as 5 gallons.   During the 1970’s, the figures significantly increased as trends were high and awareness was low. A study conducted to determine the long-term effects in about 500 middle-aged males demonstrated that one-fourth to one-third had alcohol-related problems.   One-third drove under the influence of alcohol, and about one-fifth did not attend to school due to frequent hangovers or disciplinary problems.   However, studies have shown that people tend to learn something out of the less severe alcohol-related problems. Thus, the alcohol-related problems have reduced in the 30’s, 40’s and 50’s age groups.   The life time risk for alcohol dependence is 10 to 15% in males and about 3 to 5 % in females.   Alcohol dependence usually develops in the age group of 20 to 40 years. Thy somehow tend to hold on to their jobs, family relations and social functioning.   If alcohol dependence in teenagers is reported, the incidence of associated antisocial personality disorders is high.   Sometimes alcohol dependence can begin late in life, and in such circumstances is associated with reduced social problems (Schuckit, M. A., 2005). Europeans consume the most amount of alcohol a year, especially the northern European countries.   About 90% of the teenagers consume alcohol during their school days.   This rate was much higher compared to the US.   Most Europeans drink by the age of 12 or 13 years.   In Denmark, the incidences of alcohol consumption were particularly high in female teenagers. The incidences of Binge drinking (drinking large amount of alcohol within a short period of time to the extent of intoxication) were high in the UK, Denmark and Ireland.   The main reason for this was merry-making.   The Irish tend to spend the most on drinking, with Denmark a distant second.   Relatively, lower amounts of money were spent on alcohol by people belonging to Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland (Finfacts Ireland, 2007). Throughout history, alcohol has played a role in the economic, social, medicinal, cultural, religious and spiritual sectors of life.   The nomadic Rechabites did not drink wine because they felt that it was associated with bad agricultural habits.   Prophet Mohammed did not allow his devotees to consume alcohol. Ancient Egypt considered alcohol a source of energy and nutrients.   In fact, their alcohol contained several nutritional supplements that helped to treat nutritional deficiency disorders.   Alcohol has been utilized by a medicine by several cultures.   Several studies have demonstrated it effect in lowering the incidences of coronary heart disorders, cancer and bone-degenerative disorders such as osteoporosis.    It had also been during the early days of medicine to control pain during surgeries.   Even today, several alternative forms of medicine use alcohol as a solvent in their medicinal preparations, and also as a painkiller.   Alcohol is often utilized as a social lubricant, and can improve the taste and appetite for food.   Many communities consider that alcohol should not be a problem because it has been misused only by a small number of people.   It was beneficial to greater numbers of the society (Hanson, D. J., 2005). 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Transcultural Nursing, free essay sample

As professionals, nurses need to be aware of cultural differences in order to provide quality care to their patients. Culturally competent urses are sensitive to issues related to culture, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. Furthermore, culturally competent nurses have achieved efficacy in communication skills, cultural assessments, and knowledge acquisition related to health practices of different cultures. Cultural competence involves nurses continuously striving to provide effective care within the cultural confines of their patients. The most comprehensive definition of cultural competence in nursing practice is stated as being an ongoing process with a goal of achieving the ability to ork effectively with culturally diverse persons, and additionally, to care for these individuals with a keen awareness of diversity, a strong knowledge base and skills in transcultural nursing, and especially a strong personal and professional respect for others from various cultures (Leininger, 2002). Leininger was the first to introduce the concept of transcultural nursing as a working theory and it continues to be one of the most important works on the subject. We will write a custom essay sample on Transcultural Nursing, or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Leninger theory focuses on relationship between culture and care on health and wellness. The purpose of her theory is for nurses to understand different factors of care that based on culture. When communicating with patients from different cultures nurse needs to be aware of patients family background. Cross-cultural communication involves several aspects that should be understood in order to achieve cultural competency, which is necessary in order to provide optimal nursing care (Andrews, 2003). Nonverbal cues play a vital role in conveying messages, and these may vary considerably among different cultures. Understanding these communication cues and their meanings to ersons of different cultures is necessary in order for nurses to attain and maintain cultural competency. Although it is not likely that nurses will master many languages, understanding the meaning of certain nonverbal communication cues used by care (Maier Lorentz , 2008, p. 38) For example, eye contact with person you communicate interpreted differently by people from different cultures. Some expect that you look them in the eyes and some consider this offensive. As a nurse, I encounter patients from numerous cultures. I do not know about the culturally-based, health-related beliefs and practices of all people. However, I try to gain knowledge and skills in cross-cultural communication to help provide individualized care that is based on cultural practices. For example, for religious Jewish patients, our hospital provides special electric candles they could use for their religious ceremony and I try to make sure that discharge from the hospital does not fall on Saturday. When I had Asian patient who refused pain medication and said his discomfort was bearable, I did explain to the patient that he does not have to tolerate pain but I understood that this is part of their culture. Chinese are taught elf restrained. We currently have the patient who belongs to Jehovah Witness religious group who is anemic but he cant receive blood transfusion. The example above is rather extreme and most of patients I deal with try not to focus on their cultural\religious background. Regardless of their cultural background, they are focusing on a goal of obtaining best health results with treatments available. While providing culturally aware nursing puts additional responsibilities on the nurse and not all patience expect or require it, transcultural nursing is very important in daily nursing practice. The ever-growing number of patients from different cultural backgrounds creates a challenge for nurses to provide care based on patients cultural needs. This requires nurses to understand cultural differences in healthcare values, beliefs, and customs. Nurses must be open-minded and have a positive interest as well as a sincere desire to learn other cultural ways. The most effective way to accomplish this is for nurses to increase their awareness of cultural differences and become knowledgeable about the cultural preferences of their patients. (Maier Lorentz , 2008, p. 42). Reference Maier Lorentz , M. M. 2008). Transcultural Nursing :lts importance in nursing practice.